Colorectal cancer, traditionally thought of as a disease that only strikes the elderly, is ever more commonly diagnosed among younger individuals. Trends over recent times have emerged in despairing increases in those under 50, so awareness, early diagnosis, and lifestyle decisions are more critical than ever.
A Shifting Landscape: The Alarming Rise in Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer:
In recent decades, the incidence of colorectal cancer in individuals less than 50 years old has increased dramatically. Though rates among older adults have fallen—partly as a result of mass screening and greater awareness—rates among younger adults have risen steeply. Colorectal cancer is one of the top causes of cancer mortality in young adults.
The surge is especially notable among the youngest age groups, with increasing numbers of cases being diagnosed in teens and young adults than ever. Experts say that if this pattern continues, colorectal cancer will be one of the most prevalent cancers among individuals in their 20s, 30s, and 40s within the next few years.
Why Are More Young People Getting Colorectal Cancer?
The causes of this trend are not yet known, and most young patients lack the usual risk factors of a family history, genetic syndromes, or unhealthy lifestyles. Although genetics do come into play—having a close relative with colorectal cancer or a precancerous polyp does increase risk—this does not account for the whole picture.
Scientists are investigating several potential contributors: Lifestyle and Nutrition: Excess intake of red meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, processed foods, and physical inactivity might be factors.
Even with these hypotheses, however, the vast majority of youth with colorectal cancer are otherwise healthy, with no apparent risk factors.
Symptoms: What to Watch For
One of the difficulties with young-onset colorectal cancer is that it may be unrecognized until it is late in its development. This partly relates to the fact that symptoms may be confused with less threatening conditions, and because screening traditionally begins at 50 years old.Watch for the following key symptoms:
Rectal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia are especially potent warning signs in young adults. If you notice any of these, particularly if they do not resolve, it is extremely important to see a healthcare provider in a timely manner.
The Importance of Early Detection and Screening
Early diagnosis significantly enhances survival for colorectal cancer. If detected at a localized stage, the likelihood of successful treatment is significantly increased. Young-onset cases, however, tend to be diagnosed at later stages, in part because of delays in symptom recognition and screening.
Screening Guidelines:
For individuals at average risk, screening is now recommended to start at age 45, instead of 50.
Those with risk factors or a family history will need to begin even sooner.
Screening tests available are colonoscopy, stool-based tests, and flexible sigmoidoscopy.
The best test is one that is completed—so discuss with your healthcare provider which option is best for you and be sure to follow up.
Prevention: What Can You Do?
Although not all instances can be prevented, there are some choices you can make to lower your risk:
Taking an active role in your health, being familiar with your family history, and not avoiding symptoms are all integral steps in prevention and early detection.
Addressing Disparities and Raising Awareness
It should be noted that racial and healthcare disparities exist in terms of colorectal cancer incidence and outcomes. There are certain populations who are at greater risk for being diagnosed with later-stage cancers and higher rates of mortality. Raising awareness, enhancing screening access, and promoting open communication regarding symptoms and family history are critical measures towards closing these gaps.
Young-onset colorectal cancer on the rise: A public health crisis. Identifying the risk factors, awareness of symptoms, and early screening will help prevent complications and reduce deaths. Young-onset colorectal cancer is not a condition for the older generation alone—young people and middle-aged patients also need attention at every level.
If you or a family member are having symptoms or a history of colorectal cancer, don’t delay—talk to a health professional and have a screening. Catching it early can make a big difference.
