Categories
types of cancer

Testicular Cancer

Overview

The cells of your testicles, which produce sperms and other male hormones, can grow out of control, causing Testicular Cancer, like any other type. But the condition is rare and mostly affects young men of the 20-35 age group. It can affect both testis and can also spread to surrounding nodes, called the lymph nodes, which drain fluid from them, and other organs. The risk of having the disease increases in persons who have/had undescended testis (AKA cryptorchidism), a condition in which one side of the scrotum remains empty and testis can be found in groin or abdomen, or in people who are immediate relatives of proven testicular cancer patients.

Symptoms

Most common symptoms are:

  • Lump or swelling in the testicle
  • Heaviness or aching in the lower belly or testicles
  • Voice changes and facial and body hair growth in a very young boy (early puberty)
  • In some cases, there may be fluid collection in the scrotum which can be identified in children easily. The lump can be painless, and any painless lump should be seen by a doctor.

    • Causes

    Anything that can increase the risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Different cancers have different risk factors.­ Having one or more of these risk factors doesn’t necessarily mean one will get that cancer. As testicular cancer is rare, the risk of developing it is small even if one has any risk factors.

  • Undescended testicles
  • Abnormal cells in testicle
  • Fertility problems
  • Previous testicular cancer
  • Family history
  • Hypospadias
  • Inguinal hernia

    • Diagnosis

  • Ultrasound scan of the scrotum/inguinal area/abdomen: Often the first test to be performed, an ultrasound can detect the size and nature (fluid filled/cystic or solid) of the swelling, its position in case of undescended testis, and a hydrocoele.
  • Blood tests: This includes routine blood tests as well as ‘tumor markers’ which are certain proteins/hormones which get elevated in certain cancers, depending upon the cancer site. In testicular cancers, important ones are Alpha Feto Protein (AFP), beta – Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (beta HCG), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). The elevated levels are not specific or confirmatory but can still help doctors to arrive at a diagnosis and to assess post treatment status.
  • Other scans: Once the doctor sees that the swelling is suspicious, body scans should be performed, to assess the extent of local and distant spread, which include CT abdomen and chest, X-ray of the lungs which are the most common site of distant spread, or a PET-CT scan, if whole body imaging is required.
  • Biopsy and pathological examination: This is the confirmatory and mandatory test. Biopsy is done by unilateral or bilateral orchidectomy (removal of the testis through surgery), after which a pathologist checks under the microscope to find out the types of cells that are out of control. The treatment modalities are entirely dependent on this.
    • Types, Grades and Stages of Testicular cancer The cancer can be classified into-
  • Seminomas -Tumors that grow and spread slower than most other testicular cancers.
  • Non-seminomas – Tumors that are often found in younger men, who are in their late teens and early 30s.
    • Grading This helps doctors to predict how fast the cancer is likely to grow and spread. Cancer cells are graded based on how much they look like normal cells. Usually grades 1, 2, and 3 are given, based on how different the cells look from normal cells. Cells that look very different from normal cells are given a higher grade (3) and tend to grow the fastest. Staging It depicts the status of spread. Testicular cancers can be staged into 0-III stages and subsets A-C, depending upon the size of testicular cancer, number and site of lymph nodes involved. As the stage increases, disease severity also increases, with stage III being the most advanced form of this disease.

    Treatment

    Fortunately testicular cancer patients respond well to both chemotherapy (medicines) and radiation. Treatment modalities are decided based on the stage of the disease and other risk factors. Stage 1:

  • Surgery (orchidectomy) – Followed by surveillance.
  • Chemotherapy – Indicated in certain patients, if the possibility of recurrence of the disease is high due to cryptorchidism and/or family history.
    • Stage 2: Seminoma – Surgery and radiotherapy, or chemotherapy may be required in later stages. Non-seminomas (teratomas) – Surgery (orchidectomy) and chemotherapy may be required. Stage 3: After orchidectomy- Chemotherapy. If seminoma – After chemotherapy, only follow ups are required. If non-seminoma – The patient might need surgurical removal of lymph nodes and lung lesions. Recurrent Tumor – Chemotherapy or High dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant – A stem cell transplant lets doctors use higher doses of chemo. The cells that make blood (called stem cells), are taken out of the blood using a special machine. Then very strong chemo is given, which can lead to side effects like severe reduction in blood counts. So, the stem cells are given back to the person, after chemo, to aid his system. Clinical trials- Clinical trials are research studies that test new drugs or other treatments in people. They compare standard treatments with others that may be better. These mostly have to be given to people in whom the disease has relapsed.

    12,072 replies on “Testicular Cancer”

    Hi, Neat post. There is a problem along with your web site in internet explorer, would test this… IE still is the marketplace chief and a large component of folks will pass over your excellent writing due to this problem.

    I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this blog. I’m hoping the same high-grade blog post from you in the upcoming also. In fact your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own site now. Actually the blogging is spreading its wings fast. Your write up is a good example of it.

    Siz de yalnızlıktan sıkıldıysanız ve yalnız geçen gecelerinize ışık katacak bir ses arıyorsanız, canlı sohbet hatlarını herhangi bir ücret ödemeden kullanabilirsiniz.

    I do not even understand how I stopped up right here, but I thought this putup was good. I don’t know who you might be but definitely you are going to awell-known blogger when you are not already.Cheers!

    Howdy! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a team ofvolunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in thesame niche. Your blog provided us valuable information to work on. You have done a marvellous job!

    Pros
    Works well
    Speed is very responsive
    No similar apps
    Cons
    No updates
    It’s not updated very often
    You will still need PeerBlock.net!

    This is the only (portable) PeerBlock alternative available right now:

    If you need different ranges, PeerBlock has a wizard that allows you to accomplish this easily. Download PeerBlock: https://esfletenthel.weebly.com

    6add127376 vailgav

    With NoiseMaker, you can experience relaxation, respite, and peace – anywhere, at any time. Turn off your office phone, put on your headphones and get lost in some creation. This tool is a perfect way for people who are always stressed out, and who have trouble focusing and attaining shuduatude.
    With a set of 17 exotic noises to choose from, the possibilities are virtually endless. Explore the ocean, click and enjoy!
    Once you’ve experienced the bliss http://[email protected]/article-history/www.findabeautyschool.com/map.aspx?url=https://dufftrettenthbe.weebly.com

    6add127376 vyrghan

    So I give you my application SnowRunner-Tool, or SnowRunner-Backup, and I hope to have helped those who stumbled upon my page looking for help with their ongoing goal.

    A:

    You can save in the games menu. It lets you exit the game and save, and load your status. There’s a reset button, that reverts to the first save, and then there’s a cheats button.
    The cheats reload the save for you. https://boffosare.weebly.com

    6add127376 missay

    You can choose to have the data displayed in a tree view or tables view, allowing you to easily determine all the imported and exported information.
    In case you have a problem with PostgreSQL, as well as when the import is successfully completed, PostgresToAccess is capable of giving you clear and detailed reports on the entire process, including the database and schema names, the imported data, the current status and the time the procedure took.
    …

    Prasu2Gen is a free http://www.google.com.sv/url?sa=t&url=https://slanpuboka.weebly.com

    6add127376 weroran

    If your aim is to simply view posts that contain the specific keywords, then there is nothing stopping you from doing this with Chrome’s built-in search engine.
    If you want more choice, you can try Tumblr Savior for Firefox.

    Unblock Twitter.com for more…

    If you’re tired of dealing with your Twitter account, then you can use one of the popular steganographic tools to fiddle with your settings.
    Steganographic means stealth, https://cse.google.com.do/url?q=https://ewemadout.weebly.com

    6add127376 carlemi

    Since the software supports a full calendar year for successive entries it’s definitely worth downloading to help you identify menstruation, ovulation, pregnancy, birth, or pregnancy interruption.
    Just like that it’s quite easy to decide whether or not you need to put these software applications in Windows 7.

    The SIM Match crushes the SIM Card Finder – both for Windows and for Mac OS X platforms. It won’t take long to establish a connection to any one of the available databases, including ICMP https://molificsi.weebly.com

    6add127376 wanlev

    We have tested the application in Windows Vista, 7, 8.1 and 8 (32 and 64 Bit).

    System requirements:
    OS: Windows XP/Vista/Windows 7/8/8.1/10
    CPU: Any
    RAM (RAM): 1 GB or more
    IDE: Any
    Video: Any
    Other: Any

    Similar programs:
    Joker Codec for Windows
    NNStreamer 1.0
    HandBrake is a free video converter that https://abcorehel.weebly.com

    6add127376 lavlen

    It’s fantastic for marketers in particular. But in my opinion, the application lacks a bit of a learning curve for someone that hasn’t used RSS feeds before and doesn’t have much patience to go through the necessary steps in order to use the application to its full capability.
    Pros:
    – Reminds you when a feed was last updated
    – Allows you to edit and add feeds
    – Has a nice design
    Cons:
    – There is something slightly annoying https://vizsuverpars.weebly.com

    6add127376 geomarj

    If you are a registered user of InstantPair or want to register in just a few simple steps, please click this registration button. Registration for both InstantPair and InternetTV are free and takes less than 10 seconds. The registration process is only visible when you press the button.

    How to install.NET framework

    You can Install Windows Server 2012 and download the.NET framework from MSC after that
    you have to login to your server and then you have to change registry from https://ulintalde.weebly.com

    6add127376 rennmar

    Key Features:

    Full version included

    Split video into groups and/or right and left channels with a single click.

    Split video into groups and/or right and left channels with a single click.

    Split video into groups and/or right and left channels with a single click.

    Split video into groups and/or right and left channels with a single click.

    Split video into groups and/or right and left channels with a single click. https://login.uleth.ca/cas/login?service=https://centakofe.weebly.com

    6add127376 albtyre

    The application does what you expect it to do, at a price that is low by today’s standards, and that should suffice for any user, regardless of age.

    A:

    There is no app/plugin available yet, check the comments.
    -D

    Distribution of type 1 transglutaminase in the insect salivary glands of bloodsucking nematodes.
    Type 1 transglutaminase (TG1) is an enzyme able to bind https://meecharlepo.weebly.com

    6add127376 dorehob

    It offers everything you need to fully protect your important files, whether you are at home or at the office, and you just need to download it, install it and find a removable disk drive for storage!
    Conclusions
    If you are searching for a really handy and user-friendly way to lock down your desktop and protect your personal data, it is highly recommended to give Easy Protect Folder a try. Its simplistic design and comprehensive set of features will allow you to easily lock down your entire system, http://assertivenorthwest.com/?URL=https://gsergenrire.weebly.com

    6add127376 laqunik

    A great tool for the information curious layman or scholar, a great tribute to
    the hard work of European astronomers of the 18th and 19th centuries, and a tribute
    to the hard work of those who build the programs of which I am guilty.Q:

    Can’t get test unit to work in ASP.NET Web API middleware

    I am trying to write unit tests for my ASP.NET Web API application.
    In general, I want to test the https://diartova.blog.idnes.cz/redir.aspx?url=https://unthertendlong.weebly.com

    6add127376 kailbail

    We are talking about a 7-day trial version, so users should not find any problems downloading it. However, it is possible that some bugs might appear once the trial expires. The developer should be notified of these kinds of issues.
    The download link below also contains detailed information about additional features, like the license model and the availability of updates. These are quite important to consider, because such information is important in determining whether or not the program works flawlessly for the users. You can also https://www.facebisa.com/upload/files/2022/05/gOMQhx5UgtzH6h2MV4Rc_19_c99978ec304fb9e060b72e5845eed75f_file.pdf 05e1106874 orfolay

    At the beginning, you are presented with a step-by-step guide that includes various procedures and explanations related to the program. All of these are to walk you through the program and make it easier for you to use and feel confident about using it.
    It’s important to mention that this program is compatible with Microsoft Word, Excel, Txt, Png, Jpg, Ppt, and other common file formats.
    Image Processing is one of the most important functions https://wakelet.com/wake/OB0snm3WMJzW09vemDppF 8cee70152a jalbles

    One of the key features of XPresso is the ability to set a layout policy, which will provide more control over the XML structure.

    If you are unfamiliar with software or unable to speak English, please download and install the English file. If you are unable to do so, please send your email address to:​[email protected] and a great English speaking friend will let you know how to get it.

    This program is perfect for creating JavaDoc https://wakelet.com/wake/FP5AZyYAjhhnUpUuO2axi 8cee70152a santfema

    Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog beforebut after browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new tome. Anyhow, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be book-marking and checkingback frequently!

    Thank you for every other fantastic post. Where else could anybody get that kind of information in such a perfect method of writing? I have a presentation subsequent week, and I am on the search for such info.

    I want to to thank you for this very good read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I’ve got you book marked to look at new things you postÖ

    Hi there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it’s really informative.I am gonna watch out for brussels. I’ll be grateful ifyou continue this in future. A lot of peoplewill be benefited from your writing. Cheers!

    สำหรับ การเล่นสล็อต นั้นมีพัฒนาการมาอย่างยาวนาน ในสมัยก่อนจะมีลักษณะเป็นตู้สล็อตแมชชีนที่ วิธีเล่นสล็อต จะใช้คันโยกเป็นตัวเสี่ยงรางวัล และรอลุ้นว่าสัญลักษณ์ในช่องจะตรงกันหรือไม่เพื่อรับรางวัลเป็นต้น